Arrhythmia

Diagnostic tests for arrhythmia may include:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
• Holter monitoring
• Implantable loop recorder
• Tilt-table test
• Electrophysiologic (EP) study

• Tachycardia: Initial management often involves antiarrhythmic medications. If medication is ineffective, catheter ablation may be performed.
• Bradycardia: In symptomatic cases, a permanent pacemaker may be implanted.
• Arrhythmia with heart failure: Treatment may include catheter ablation or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) after multidisciplinary evaluation.

1. Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (RFCA) with 3D Mapping

A 3D mapping system allows detailed visualization of the heart’s anatomy, helping to identify and target abnormal electrical pathways. RFCA delivers radiofrequency energy to eliminate the source of atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, providing a curative treatment option for patients not responsive to medications.

2. Cryoablation

A balloon catheter is used to freeze the arrhythmogenic tissue at temperatures below –75°C, isolating the abnormal electrical focus.

3. Pulse Field Ablation (PFA)

A novel technology that uses pulsed electric fields to selectively ablate arrhythmogenic tissue while minimizing injury to surrounding structures.

Treatment of Ventricular tachycardia

In patients at risk for sudden cardiac death due to VT or ventricular fibrillation (VF), an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is recommended.

For idiopathic or scar-related VT, precise ventricular mapping followed by radiofrequency ablation can be performed to eliminate the arrhythmia.

Treatment of Heart failure

For patients with heart failure and ventricular dyssynchrony, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) can improve cardiac function.

In patients with heart failure and bradyarrhythmia, conduction system pacing may help relieve symptoms such as shortness of breath.